eeio emission factors

This section describes data sources, algorithms for model construction, novel methodologies and software procedures used in the construction of USEEIO v2.0. In some . The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) 2012 Detail IO tables10 define 405 commodity categories. However, revisions to mappings between SCC codes and sectors, and updates in data collection lead to some notable differences in sector emissions including: Increase in emissions for construction sectors. There are two exceptions to these allocation values in the Make table row disaggregation. All the economic input data (Table1) are retrieved using scripts in useeior and saved in the package along with selected indicators not from LCIA formatter (jobs, value added, and waste indicators, Table3), commodity names, data inputs to the Sector Crosswalk, and model metadata files. How are emission factors developed? & Birney, C. USEEIO v2.0.1-411 Build and Validation Script. The allocation percentages for the consumption of the disaggregated waste commodities by the IO industries are included in the WasteDisaggaregation_Use sheet of the primary data record, in the Use Row Sum, Commodity Output rows for the Business firms and farms customer class and in the Commodity disaggregation rows for the other customer classes. All flows in these published datasets, except those from the commercial waste datasets which are waste flows and not elementary flows, were mapped to the FEDEFLv1.0.7. More information about this update is provided in the Procedure for Model Building section. This subset describes the waste flows from the receiving facilities point of view, ideal for tracking the information regarding how the waste is managed. Real time updates can be found in the useeior software repository. Industry underlying estimates. Ingwersen, W., Garvey, T. & Bergmann, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. Hospitals and Limited Service Restaurants have moved up in the rankings. USEEIO. The values in P are commodity-specific deflation ratios where a value of Pc,y is a ratio of model USD:year y USD for commodity c. Values in P are prepared with Eq. The sets of commodities in the top 20 from v2.0 and v1.2 in the production and consumption-based rankings are nearly identical, with some notable substitutions and some exchanging of places. Quantifying scope 3 emissions can be broken into three steps: Step 1: Determine relevant scope 3 categories. EPA 430-R-18-003 https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks-1990-2016 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2018). FEDEFL Inventory Methods v1.0.0. Scope 3 emission sources include emissions both upstream and downstream of the organizations activities. PubMedGoogle Scholar. This is a necessary first order approximation since we found no publicly available data to confirm this for the disaggregated waste sectors. Food and beverage stores appear in v2.0 rankings as the only retail sector, whereas Other retail appeared as the only retail sector in the v1.2 top 20. These novel elements as well as model fundamentals are described in this paper. 23. Additionally, the use of Electricity and Truck transport by agricultural sectors are the greatest contributors to SMOG from non-agricultural sectors. Slider with three articles shown per slide. Model validation and output writing are also performed in simple statements. The model is validated through reproduction of national totals from input data sources and through analysis of changes from the most recent complete USEEIO model that can be explained based on data updates or method changes. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods, referred to as Scope 3 emissions in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 3 Accounting and Reporting Standard, represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. TRACIv2.1 for FEDEFLv1. The margins present for Waste and Remediation were allocated using the total Use table commodity output. USEEIO v2.0, or referred to solely as v2.0, is the latest edition of the US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output (USEEIO) model for assessing a full suite of potential life cycle impacts of US. If a facility reports a NAICS code that is no longer valid, emissions are allocated equally across one or more relevant NAICS from the 2012 schema. 1. Young, B., Birney, C. & Ingwersen, W. National point source releases to water by industry 2017 v1.1. For v2.0, we derive two primary final demand vectors, a production vector and a consumption vector. In a default allocation, all columns are disaggregated according to the default percentage values for each of the disaggregated sectors. The Use table columns represent the inputs that the IO industries need to produce their output. The GHG Protocol provides two resources to help organizations estimate scope 3 emissions: For financial institutions, The Global GHG Accounting and Reporting Standard for the Financial Industry, published by the Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials, offers specific guidance on calculating scope 3, category 15 (investments) emissions. J. The original relation between the environmental data in the form of national totals by industry, E, and the model economic data uses the model industry output, as described in Eq. Report No. RCRAInfo data are available by 5- and 6-digit NAICS codes, which map to the disaggregated sectors as shown in Table6. Note that normalized Make table transactions are unchanged. The USEEIO Modeling Framework for USEEIO v2.09 provides an overview of the source code along with links to useeior and supporting software packages. The data have been updated for 201729. Guinee, J. Handbook on life cycle assessment. The final demand vectors represent purchases of goods and services by final consumers, including by households, investors and governments. The Make table is normalized by the commodity output vector, q to create what is also known as the market shares matrix. Household consumption accounts for the largest share of the global anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Truck transportation, Water transportation, Rail transportation are commodities in set m for transportation). Improvements in modeling national totals of industry and environmental flows are described. The largest consumers are residential users (F01000, Personal consumption expenditures final demand) at 24% of total consumption; state and local governments (GSLGO, State and local government and other services) at 13% of total consumption; and Other real estates (531ORE) and the Waste management and remediation services sector itself, both at 8% of total consumption. ADS A key part of this commitment is measuring and reporting the climate-warming emissions that we produce according to the . Quarterly census of employment and wages 2017. https://www.bls.gov/cew/downloadable-data-files.htm (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2020). In v2.0, the USDA CoA land in farms data are used as an allocation source, rather than as a primary data source. The 5-digit NAICS in the RCRAInfo codes do not count flows present in the 6-digit codes. The final factors are available in the Supply Chain Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities dataset. EXIOBASE is a global, detailed Multi-Regional Environmentally Extended Supply-Use Table (MR-SUT) and Input-Output Table (MR-IOT). Environmentally-extended input output (EEIO) models estimate energy use and/or GHG emissions resulting from the production and upstream value chain activities of different sectors and products within an economy. https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/water-use-terminology?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects (2019). This can be performed by subtracting the import matrix, Um from the Use matrix to estimate a domestic Use table, Ud, as in Eq. Industrial and Mining water withdrawals are proportionally allocated using BLS QCEW employment data47. General Motors worked with Climate Earth consultants to useUSEEIO to calculate their Scope 3 GHG emissions associated with the purchased goods and services in their supply chain. This then must be further transformed into commodity form before use, which is done so by multiplication with the market shares matrix, Vn, which itself is obtained from the model Make table and the model commodity output, q. The satellite tables contain the resource use and environmental releases mapped to the original Waste Services and Remediation Services sector. Yang, Y., Hawkins, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO satellite files. developed the methodology and software programming in flowsa for the air, water and soil releases, integrated environmental data and indicators in useeior, and wrote the associated sections of the manuscript. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Bigelow, D. & Borchers, A. In v2.0, these emissions have been allocated to manufacturing sectors on the basis of fuel consumption by fuel type30. The Water_national_2015_m1 model differs from the Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1.13 in several ways. This can be represented using Eq. Five categories are reported in year one and 12 in year five. 21. where lc is the column representing the commodity of interest from the L matrix, and dn is the transposed row representing the indicator of interest from the D matrix. The Use table is normalized by the industry output vector, x, to result in a commodity x industry direct requirements matrix. They allow for calculating the added value that each sector contributes to the final output of an economy. 4. The production vector adds to the consumption vector the net trade balance as well as inventory/stock changes. Inventory of u.s. Greenhouse gas emissions and sinks: 19902016. IPCC Emissions Factor Database. It provides a robust resource for estimating the potential impactsenvironmental and economicassociated with the production or consumption of goods and services. The equivalent value is 1.44E-5in v1.2 (sheet B, cell D681 of)71. With the direct impacts D and the total requirements L, the matrix N which contains the direct plus indirect impact coefficients can be calculated via Eq. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in These flows must be adjusted or mapped to reflect the inclusion of the disaggregated waste sectors. To obtain an allocation percentage for the industries that consume Waste management and remediation services commodity (i.e. Changes in selection of data sources and methodologies for compiling these into a standard format are described below. Perspect. For the Scrap (S00401) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Material separation/recovery facilities (562920) industry, under the assumption that these facilities are the ones responsible for recovering scrap during waste management. Increase in emissions for landscaping services. Report No. Census of agriculture 2017. For the Oil and gas extraction (211000) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Solid waste landfill (562212) industry, as it is assumed that this represents landfill gas production. Additionally, there are changes to methods of allocation. Shifts in sector impact intensity (as present in the D and N matrices) between v1.2 and v2.0 are attributed to a combination of changes in methodology for resource allocation to industry sectors, primary and allocation data sources, source data years, and economic growth or decline within industries between the related source data years, after the currency year adjustment Eqs. The original environmental and employment data were all produced by from flowsa v1.0.126, whereas environmental datasets originally created for v1 USEEIO models5,7 were mapped and reformatted. The calculated per capita GHG in the US production view of 15.57 MTCO2e/person is reasonably close to a World Bank tabulated estimate of 15.77 MTCO2e/person in 201266, considering USEEIO v2.0 is a mixed year model with the GHG emissions data representing 2016 intensity in 2012 USD. The earlier versions of USEEIO used the BLS National Employment Matrix, which also publishes employment data by NAICS sector codes5. v2.0 relies on the BLS QCEW data for the employment satellite table to maintain a consistent employment data source throughout all environmental accounts, as BLS QCEW is used as an allocation source. flowsa v1.0.126 was used for preparation of all original environmental inputs. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. When there is additional data available for specific flows which are not adequately reflected at the 6-digit NAICS to USEEIO mapping (as per Table6), a manual distribution of that data is specified as an input to the disaggregation algorithm. As the matrix values are in producer price USD, the values in are commodity-specific producer:purchaser price ratios where a value of c,y is a ratio of year y USD producer price:year y USD purchaser price for commodity c. Margins tables provide values for transportation, t, wholesale, w, and retail, r, specific to each commodity consumed by industries, households or investors. SMOG impacts are driven by emissions of NO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The IO transactions for the Use table intersection are assigned based on material flows between the disaggregated sectors, using RCRAInfo data as the main data source. Pairing the domestic proportion with the ranking figure (Fig. Ingwersen, W. AND M. Li. In v1, the Scrap commodity was removed from the model following a methodology presented by BEA for deriving a total requirements matrix11. Emissions Factors 2022 is now available. Irrigation and water management survey 2018. Processing of Criteria and Hazardous Air Emissions was supported by the office of Fossil Energy (FE) for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) under NETL Contract Number DE-FE0025912. The environmental data inputs for an EEIO model are national totals of flows (physical movements of specific resources, emissions or employment) by industries. Young, B. et al. Emissions factors The emissions factors can be collected from: - Emissions sourced direct from suppliers based on the specific goods and services used. The practical guidance below provides further suggestions on calculating scope 3 emissions. EPA Report: Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Industries and Commodities In v1.1, releases from the DMR were limited to nutrient release of nitrogen and phosphorous. US Territories and Tribal Lands are not included.

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