example of uneven development ap human geography

The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry. Removing large debts that have built up over time. h. elastic demand. AP Human Geography - 1 Name_____ Rubenstein's The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically Introduction to Note Packets Reading the textbook and taking notes while reading are NECESSARY steps in processing and . 1) Initiation stage - The technology is introduced in the organization. Countries that have a colonial history have lower development levels today. This can be visible in Mumbai, where the super-rich and those who reside in slums live nearby each other. (F) Explain how uneven development within a state can act as a centrifugal force. (E) Analyze the impact of globalization on state sovereignty, providing at least one example of how globalization has affected the power of the state. McDonald's has restaurants in over 100 countries and generates a significant portion of its revenue from international operations. In the Core-Periphery Model the semi-periphery includes all of the following except __________. Higher infant mortality rates occur in LICs due to poor sanitation, lack of clean water, and also poor nutrition, caused by the Impacts of Food Insecurity. Our population is just about to hit 8 billion. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. While India is the second most populous nation in the world, the rate of economic development is much lower compared to nations like the United States (third most populous nation), Japan (tenth most populous nation), and Australia. An example of deindustrialization is the decline of the manufacturing sector in the United States in recent decades. Let's take a look at some physical, economic, and historical causes of this uneven development. The polluter pays principle: This principle holds that those who generate pollution should bear the costs of preventing or mitigating it. True or false: the development continuum helps to show a scale of development, with the least and most developed countries, and the countries in between. (MDCs) Provide some kind of service. For example, urban areas often provide more job opportunities than rural areas, but income inequality may also be higher in urban areas. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology. This can take the form of economic policies that favor the interests of foreign corporations and governments, or the use of military or diplomatic pressure to influence the domestic policies of a weaker country. We can reduce uneven development by closing the development gap. Answer: Two social or cultural consequences of migration include increased cultural diversity and potential social tensions. Renewable energy refers to energy sources that are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, water, and geothermal heat. Some of the physical factors that can cause uneven development are based on climate, the production of raw materials, and country placement. a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption. The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year. energy replaced continually within a human lifespan, has an essentially unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people. Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are large and powerful companies that are spread all around the world. Examples include the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and the Mayan ruins in Mexico. Here are some examples of border clashes between nations of the core and the periphery: The growing fence between the U.S. (core) and Mexico (periphery) to prevent the entrance of unauthorized immigrants. 438 0 obj <> endobj It is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power that does not produce greenhouse gases or other harmful emissions. It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area. Historical causes can be exampled by colonialism. A Packet made by Mr. Sinn to help you succeed not only on the AP Te. Example: in charge of bus departures times, A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located. These activities can take place in a variety of natural settings, including national parks, protected areas, and rural communities. This allows for the production of customized products with short lead times, and reduces the need for large-scale production runs and mass storage of finished goods. 2: Antilia Tower (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mumbai_03-2016_19_Antilia_Tower.jpg) by A. Savin (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:A.Savin) Liense type: Free Art License (http://artlibre.org/licence/lal/en/). The construction of the canal also led to the development of other growth poles in the surrounding region, as new industries, such as tourism and real estate, emerged to serve the needs of the canal. L/$;cqHi}1Kl@g;)k{Qf7og\E[ah]iahz +qp)4 Due to the nature of the global economy the wealthiest countries can rely on the poorest countries to provide the bulk of their primary economic activities and the semi-developed countries to provide the bulk of their secondary economic activities. Think about Mcdonald's or Starbucks! In the poorest parts of the world the vast majority of the population is engaged in primary economic activities like farming, fishing, hunting, and mining. The idea that resources come from the periphery and go to the core. An example of how it can be used to manipulate political outcomes is the drawing of congressional districts in the United States, where the boundaries of districts are often manipulated to create safe seats for one party or the other. Answer: A nation refers to a group of people who share a common culture, history, and identity, while a state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a permanent population. Ecotourism can take place in a variety of natural and cultural settings around the world. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of political geography. activities that directly extract materials from the Earth. The back-wash effect can be best described as __________. endstream endobj 439 0 obj <>>>/EncryptMetadata false/Filter/Standard/Length 128/O(Q.`;RvqL)/P -1324/R 4/StmF/StdCF/StrF/StdCF/U(VpKS% )/V 4>> endobj 440 0 obj <>>>/Lang(|VZT;p&p I]$y|k)/MarkInfo 463 0 R/Metadata 41 0 R/OpenAction 441 0 R/Outlines 60 0 R/Pages 436 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 441 0 obj <> endobj 442 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Thumb 34 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 443 0 obj <>stream HUMAN GEOGRAPHY SECTION II Time1 hour and 15 minutes Percent of total score50 Directions: You have 1 hour and 15 minutes to answer all three of the following questions. River valleys may also promote human settlements. Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for these communities and help to preserve their cultural traditions. Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade. It forms its own sovereign nation-state predominately made up of the Irish ethnic group. 1. Answer: Language has been used to maintain or challenge power structures by shaping the ways in which people communicate and understand the world around them. What are the causes of uneven development? The development process takes place at different speeds. They are widely recognized as a framework for addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing the world, including poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. Enter the data here into the, Italy suffers from a regional divide - check out this article from, Purchasing Power Parity made easy with Burgernomics. Some countries are much richer and much more powerful than others. The map above shows development aid flows around the world. Introduction: Geography is more than rote memorization: Geographers ask where things are and why they are where they are. Let's look further into these consequences of uneven development, with some examples, too. In the 1950s, many countries became independent and removed their colonial ties. Life expectancy is generally much higher in HICs. Lack of investment By the MDCs continues to keep these countries in poverty None of these answers is correct; the Core-Periphery Model is no longer used by geographers. What primarily separates the so-called fast world from the slow world? Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as LDCs: Afghanistan Bangladesh Burkina Faso Cambodia Ethiopia Haiti Malawi Nepal Sierra Leone Tajikistan Here are some examples of countries that are often classified as MDCs: Australia Canada Japan Germany United States France United Kingdom South Korea Switzerland Sweden Example: factory worker or refiner, Economic Sector (Services). This can occur due to a variety of factors, including technological change, globalization, and shifts in consumer demand. This can occur due to the availability of natural resources, transportation infrastructure, and access to markets. *Projects are often labour intensive and for the benefit of the local community e.g building a well or repairing irrigation ditches. Integration stage The use of the new technology increase rapidly providing new benefits and supporting the overall business strategy. Most of the people in wealthy countries are employed in __________. What demographic equation is used to determine natural increase? As a result, many U.S. cities that were once reliant on manufacturing have experienced economic decline and social disruption. Lets break down that statement. Does that sound easy enough to understand? Industrialization and Economic Growth will give power to some but will hurt others through the process of Uneven Development. Uneven development can result in large health disparities. Economic benefits: Ecotourism can provide economic opportunities for local communities, such as employment and income generation. Cities have wealthier people and a larger middle class in China and Japan, for example. Brain drain is when more educated people leave a country searching for better opportunities, work, or education. A country that isn't very powerful, nor weak. Most workers are in tertiary. However, most of the trade systems are controlled by HICs or Transnational Corporations (TNCs). Command economy: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services. manufacturers that process, transform, and assemble raw materials. Will you pass the quiz? D) Explain the concept of transnationalism and describe one way in which transnationalism can impact the lives of migrants and the communities they leave and join. A) Explain the concept of urbanization and identify two historical factors that have contributed to the growth of urban areas. Push factors are reasons why people want to move away from a country. To be truly sustainable, ecotourism must be carefully planned and managed to ensure that the negative impacts on the environment and local communities are minimized. This dependence has led to criticism that these countries are still being exploited and controlled by outside powers, despite the formal end of colonialism. On January 1, 2013, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. The natural resource curse theory, or the paradox of plenty, essentially describes how countries that have vast amounts of a particular resource, are doomed for poor development. The consequences of uneven development are wealth disparities, health disparities and international migration. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. Check out the video below whichshows how countries are pulling themselves out of poverty. It can also be on a social scale, based upon factors such as healthcare, education, and people's quality of life. Have all your study materials in one place. The goal of JIT is to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs by reducing the amount of inventory that a company needs to hold. Sustainable agriculture and food tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting farms, wineries, and other food and drink producers to learn about sustainable agriculture practices and to taste local produce. For example: In Rostow's model uneven global development can be lessened, but in Wallerstein's model uneven global development is a basic characteristic of the world system. =40,95=40,95=40,95 percent confidence, b. d.f.=80,95d . 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. For instance, as cities become more crowded, people may feel disconnected from their communities and may be less likely to engage in community events or activities. The AP Human Geography test is two hours and 15 minutes long. Its 100% free. The fast world, as distinct from the slow world, is defined by high-level telecommunication and transportation technology. Example: Canada. Answer: A sustainable city is a city that is designed to meet the needs of its residents while also protecting the environment and conserving resources for future generations. Answer: Historical and contemporary factors that have influenced language distribution and diversity include colonialism, migration patterns, globalization, and language policies. This is because healthcare is typically better, with more access to doctors, and investment into this sector is higher. Ecotourism is a type of tourism that focuses on experiencing natural areas while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. asituation whereby a nations economic structure is altered by a change in the political system, afunction of economic change whereby one nations economy flourishes at the expense of another nations economy, asituation whereby a nations political structure is altered by the changing nature of the economy, afunction of economic change whereby one region's economy flourishes at the expense of another regions economy. (F) Explain the concept of a supranational organization and describe one example of such an organization. Examples of centrifugal and centripetal force are found in religion, language, ethnic culture, government, and physical geography. F) Explain the concept of assimilation and describe one example of a policy or program designed to promote assimilation among migrants. Geothermal energy: This type of energy is generated using heat from the earth's core to produce electricity or to heat and cool buildings. This causes a brain drain in the LIC, limiting economic development. Infant Mortality Rate is the number of children that die under the age of 1, per 1000 births. There are several types of economies, including: So an economy is basically people that buy things from the people that make things. We measure development in Geography by using development indicators. For example, European colonialism led to the spread of European languages around the world, while migration patterns in the United States have contributed to the development of regional dialects. Development gaps also exist within countries (uneven development) between rich and poor. The terms are listed in the order of the reading for each book. Percentage of a country's people who can read and write. In wealthy countries as much as three-quarters (in a few cases close to a hundred percent) of the population is engaged in tertiary and quaternary economic activities. (E) Analyze the relationship between language and power, providing at least one example of how language has been used to maintain or challenge power structures. secondary and tertiary economic activities, primary and secondary economic activities. One example of a growth pole is the development of a new port or transportation hub, which can create jobs and stimulate economic development in the surrounding region. It is also a domestic source of energy that can reduce a country's dependence on foreign sources of fossil fuels. The Demilitarized Zone between North and South Korea. Quality of life is the level of access to things like health, comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. Includes retailing, tourism, entertainment, communications, government, and semi-public services (Health, Education, and Utilities). Hopefully, this AP Human Geography study guide has helped you understand this concept more clearly so you can apply what you have learned when you take the AP Human Geography Exam. Answer: Two economic consequences of migration include increased remittances and potential job displacement. C) Describe one way in which a lack of access to resources can impact the quality of life. Governments are often challenged by the devolutionary factors that challenge state sovereignty. The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period, usually one year. Using development indicators or measures of development. 2 - Antilia tower in Mumbai, the second most expensive house in the world. The next AP Human Geography test will be held on Tuesday, May 4, 2023, at 8:00 AM. In Bangladesh, ___ were used to filter out cholera from water. An example of agglomeration is the concentration of industries in a specific area or region. Wildlife watching: This type of ecotourism involves observing and photographing wildlife in their natural habitat. Mixed economy: A mixed economy is a hybrid system that combines elements of both market and command economies. An example of just-in-time delivery is a car manufacturer that receives parts from its suppliers as they are needed on the production line, rather than receiving large batches of parts in advance and storing them in a warehouse. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. The Chancellor of Germany in the 1970s divided the world into the 'Rich North' and the 'Poor South', with a line that roughly circled the world at 30.

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