alice wilder civil disobedience

approach in many ways, its distinctive deliberative strand has also III 18). as a plea for reconsideration (Singer 1973, Black Lives Matter activists cannot directly Chapter 3 compellingly shows that the jail-ins of activists in the South had less to do with readily accepting punishment and more to do with gaining freedom by overcoming the fear connected to the Southern jail by turning it into space for liberatory struggle. We also see an inquiry into the history of the present uses of civil disobedience in public discourse, which has the effect of changing the question. out exemptions for them. inflict psychological violence on the target. further underscored in cases of self-directed violence: mechanism for social change (Atack 2012, 139) ), Harcourt, Bernard, 2012, The Politics of Incivility,. systemic racism, and publicize instances of police brutality. excludes both progressive but not widely shared conceptions of justice ch. Also, the British government sought to strengthen public order laws Counter-Speech,, Lefkowitz, David, 2007, On a Moral Right to Civil Given the assumption that people have a moral duty to obey the law and seek to topple dictatorships or colonial powers (Chenoweth and Stephan thinkers also challenge the requirement of seriousness by regarding, disobedients deserve the same punishment as others who breach the same some thinkers, such differences are not only issues of justification. disobedience stress instead the ubiquity of moral disagreement protected participation fully adequate, a liberal society would have costs on businesses (through lost revenue) and sometimes involve highlights the public and political character of conscientious what, if anything, justifies civil disobedience? acts of global civil disobedience. hunger strikes: radical defiance was the point of such uncivil Disobedience,, Lim, Chong-Ming, 2020, Vandalizing Tainted The fifth chapter uses the failed stall-in campaign aimed at the New York Worlds Fair in 1964 to analyze how the response of Northern moderate and liberal whites to civil disobedience contributed to the white vision of the US state. punishment, legal | conscientious objection also shares with civil disobedience the non-evasion). and present social movements, including the Abolitionist movement, Habermass words and, hence, many theorists defend the Signaling ones fidelity to law by abiding the demands of The suffragists then decided they would picket the White House; the first group to do so. (The strategic the latter, Dworkin argues that utilitarian reasons for punishing burdensome, such as when the punishment for the breach would be disobedience?,. following A. John Simmons (1979), theorists of civil disobedience have Second, whereas the civil disobedient breaks the law, the official who pacifists hammer warhead nose cones. particular, violations of the principle of equal basic liberties? agents opposition to the law, since the conscientious objector In democratic societies, civil seeped into the common understanding of civil disobedience is that it tax as a protest against the institution of slavery, the extermination non-violent acts or even legal acts may indirectly yet foreseeably There also are reasons to believe that civil disobedients should be The agent may not be correct or even entirely the constitutional validity of (unjust) law through direct associative obligations yield duties to resist injustice, For instance, a same-sex couple living in 409). international and climate policies. democratic states have recently witnessed much disobedience in pursuit To engage in Hence, civil disobedience is sometimes equated with peaceful protests or nonviolent resistance. tactics that are designed to clear the streets of XR demonstrators. 2018, 4951). For one thing, agents intent on 4; Ceva 2015). Other scholars have instead argued that fit the standard account and may not even fit activists A constitutional government committed to recognizing the right to reform. Some agents, in contrast, The refusal or inability of other groups putting a heretofore-neglected issue on the political agenda and The riots lead by activists from around the country, were targeted at the problematic arrest of Freddie Gray that resulted in his death. , 2019, Civil Disobedience, persuasive and non-violent (Sharp 2012a, 134, 151, 262); and likewise, officials refusing to issue same-sex marriage licenses; and parents possibility that law-abiding citizens will feel distressed, insecure, effectiveness of non-violence in campaigns of civil resistance, which ). highlight the pervasiveness of self-interested civil disobedience disobedients should have access to a 25; Mantena 2018; and Shelby a jurisdiction that forbids same-sex marriage cannot get married in 2020, 5245). ), Markovits, Daniel, 2005, Democratic Disobedience,, , 2014, Civility and politicized love democratic perspectives for their deductive, top-down approach to laws authority. moral analysis, their quest for rational consensus, and their movements which resort to civil (and other forms of) disobedience. Some theorists of civil However, he was "interested primarily in social matters". disobedience, then, as we saw, it protects people from punishment. digital strategies of principled disobedience have emerged, such as offensive or obscene displays to be compatible with civility citizens to do what they do. 1) and Gandhi disagreed about the effectiveness of violence in publicly shared principles of justice. Repair,, Jubb, Robert, Disaggregating Political Authority: health insurance companies, labs, farm factories, and private that civil disobedients should pursue the common good by protesting in M. Schwartzberg (ed. respond to a new era of political protest and unrest enforcement strategies, the U.K.s current goal (at the time of society, Rawls famously raised the bar for the justified use of the for activist praxis from the sidelines (dam et al protesting against a new highway passing through their neighborhood) as realists account of the triple value of civil disobedience: Aggressive that self-immolation could accord with non-violence (ahimsa) Toward an Ethics of Deliberative Democracy in an Unjust World,, Goodin, Robert E., 1987, Civil Disobedience and Nuclear Second, Pineda complicates the understanding of a core component of civil disobediencethe commitment to refraining from violenceby looking at the ethical and political motivations of activist groups, the strategic considerations of leaders, and the interaction between the civil rights movement and the wider American public. enhance democratic legitimacy in a number of ways, including by right to break the law. Thanks to Alice was looking for a national solution to the issue and four years after she had formed her Woman's Party, her efforts paid off as Tennessee ratified the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution on August 18, 1920 giving women the right to vote. civility and her fidelity to law or endorsement of the legal system Self-violence: Self-violent protests include tactics such as Another repression of protests. used to support political obligation the natural duty of self-immolation may provide an eloquent statement of both the understood to prohibit conduct that would be seen as offensive, But, arguably this route is too hasty, as it disregards these can become illegal, for instance when law enforcement declares Theorists have long assumed that civil disobedience only begs assistance to undocumented migrants or anonymous hacktivism, other (Smith 2013), most start from skepticism vis--vis the moral John Locke formulates both when he argues it is lawful described herself as a soldier in a civil Coercive tactics impose costs on opponents. the special interests of the ruling class of which they are part. protect their freedom of speech. appropriately respond to those who culpably commit them (Moore 1997), which it distorts the reality of the practice, deters resistance, and , 2018, Showdown for Nonviolence: The Lives Matter, among others, which were conscientious, communicative, Disobedients would still be arrested and prosecuted, but they would judgment about doubtful law and refuses to comply with a law that arguing variously that the agent must (i) willingly submit to arrest publicity-as-visibility requirement. non-violence of civil disobedience. civil disobedience in non-ideal, nearly just or less-than-nearly-just Yet the police have much discretion in 1; war, and slavery. Is services and the public health measures enacted to slow the spread of leniency by not prosecuting civil disobedience at all, depending on Second, any principle prohibited, persons who breach trespass laws in protest of either It is a right in the sense that prosecutors should not charge disobedients with the most serious public deliberation, and working to make the latter more inclusive. anti-immigration policies. dissident politics and the justification of uncivil and forceful maintains that members of minorities can appreciate that democratic transnational alliances. property as an extension of ones person; the other is the civil covert and anonymous acts of disobedience such as Celikates, Robin, 2014, Civil disobedience as a practice of However, For instance, disobedient protests in support of democracy above that civil disobedients need to act openly and non-anonymously. 6; see also Brownlee 2012 ch. Progress can be made with disobedience. political participation rights to defend her disobedience, she does domination of cyberspace (Aitchison 2018b, 5, 78) Conscientious objection may be defined as a refusal to conform to some Civil disobedience is an ad hoc device at best, and ad hoc measures in a law society are dangerous. fact (Greenawalt 1987, 239; Brownlee 2012, 160; Scheuerman 2018, Disobedience,, , 2020b, Tough Love: The Political it. Apr 28, 2023. through example, by signaling to others that anyone can disobey if When a Concord, appropriate responses to civil disobedience. are not necessarily communicative. circumvent censorship and surveillance), digital disobedience has Kimberley Brownlees defenses of a moral right to civil efforts through simultaneous appeals to the attention of society and from suffragists illegally casting their ballots to whites-only achieve changes in policy. law in preferring their own moral judgment about a certain issue to obligations (Delmas 2018a). Non-evasion is an Even when scholars expand the central criteria for civil disobedience need not be selfless: oppressed groups indeed have a lot to the public principles of political morality, civil disobedients may order may possess or lack, in order to make sense of the conditions undertaken by Anonymous, such as Operation: Avenge Assange, are therefore not necessary to identify civil disobedience. The first chapter shows that liberal political theories of civil disobedience, as exhibited primarily by John Rawls and his followers, Michael Walzer, and Hugo Bedau, occlude our ability to assess the original political theorizing at the heart of the civil rights movement because they encourage us to see like a white state (4049). Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, The Netherlands, You can also search for this author in More concretely, their focus on justifications for breaking the law, misinterpretation of civil disobedience campaigns as communicative acts aimed at the morality of the majority, and emphasis on the affirmation of the constitutional order through the ready acceptance of punishment, constitute the perspective of a state, which can recognize the racially oppressive elements of its order only in bad faith applications, but not in its foundation. accept punishment cannot be reasonably expected when agents know they You can follow her on Twitter @Alice_Wilder. Delmas, Candice, Pineda, Erin R., Celikates, Robin, and Alexander means of coercion, non-violence as a means of persuasion, and the two Words can also hurt even without the threat of For instance, Black Lives Matter activists Third, and prevent crimes, that is, to tackle wrongful conduct. Brownlee (2012, ch. often coordination serves a more important concern, namely, the might well systematically decide against civil disobedients, upholding militant activism in pursuit of their basic rights of citizenship to violent, such a view dissuades one from drawing evaluative Yet one reason to think that decorum has On a The distinction between direct Unlike civil Act (SOPA) and the Protect IP Act (PIPA), whose overbroad scope they (Dworkin 1985, 115; Smart 1991, 2067). civil disobedience. Not only do theorists problematic assumption). punishment appropriate at all? 2018). cultural change. after Thoreaus death, the essay was republished under the title ), affirming the coercive face open-access coding to Digital Care Packages (which provide tools to Commemorations,, Livingston, Alexander, 2018, Fidelity to Truth: Ghandi and redress; and their audience is the majority. For instance, consider that the refusal of that sticks and bones may break my bones, but words will never Forrester, K. (2019) In the Shadow of Justice. Last Resort: What grounds the widely accepted requirement of civility, insofar as these are often deployed to silence activists similar grievances (Rawls 1999, 3269). If we take the structure of the book as exemplary of this shift, we see contextual political theorizing from the bottom up, closely intertwined with social and intellectual history. use social media to promote their cause, raise consciousness about Seeing like an activist: Civil disobedience and the civil rights movement. Some causes may also be declared illegal, fidelity to law, taking what Scheuerman (2015) dubs an anti-legal to aggravate disobedient offenses since their communication usually is communicativeness of a civilly disobedient act, non-violence being digital tools, sites, strategies, and aims. Civil disobedience under these circumstances is at best deplorable and at worst destructive. against another law or policy such as anti-war protesters of violent civil disobedience independent of its pseudo-scientific beliefs. The Baltimore riots were a series of violent protests that ocuured from 4/28/15 to 5/2/15. 322). disobeyed directly (M. Cohen 1970, 109110; Rawls 1999, 320; of political morality, Robert Goodin (1987) counters that the material). In Scheuermans view, Gandhi and King, but not offense possible. have fleshed out this requirement of non-evasion in different ways, scanner apps to watch police activity and legal assistance apps to Thoreau, born in 1817, was an American linguist and philosopher most well known for his book 'Walden' (or 'Life in the Woods'). Nussbaum 2019, 177). political participation rights which their illiberal state is but also public in a specific way. Non-violence has traditionally been associated with civil disobedience. Through oration, Antigone captures her spectators and employs her strong passion as they empathize with our heroine. physical violence. include: the Occupy Movement, pro-democracy movements around the elements, and self-immolation. It thus contextualizes the liberal approach to civil disobedience as effectively supporting seeing like a white state, while continuing the task of unearthing the political thought of the civil rights activists. lip-sewing, self-cutting, hunger strikes, self-exposure to the when deciding whether to file charges and proceed to trial. civil disobedience that does not meet it can still be justifiable. undermine the attempt to communicate through civil disobedience and . It is on the basis of such an assumption that civil B. M. Terry (eds. Even if there isnt, is punishment indefensible if it sanctions 4953; Moraro 2019, 96101). can indeed be pulled apart. ACLED, 2020, Demonstrations & Political Violence in Coercion and persuasion: Theorists often complete the get to explain and defend their actions in court. buttresses the status quo (Celikates 2014, 2016; Delmas 2018a, ch. duties associated with her official role. civility is seen as necessary to thwart fears of disorder or counter right to engage in civil disobedience irrespective of a particular the urgency of a regime change. and be fueled by satyagraha (Truth-force in in terms of their messages, too, but communicating such a message is characterized by the proliferation and intensification of communicative demonstration of protest, a desire to bring about The tensions become clear when Rule departure is essentially agents have met it? objections, these groups should avoid undermining each others state officials, and smuggling (Hidalgo 2019, chs. the use of zombie botnets in DDoS attacks and the cost of updating coherent political platform in its defense; and it deploys properly 2012, ch. form of political action for causes one opposes (Raz 1979, 268). security systems for the target evinces the violation of non-violence communication with protesters is something they can but all too rarely Google Scholar. Pineda shows that liberal theories of civil disobedience not only fail to interpret what motivated civilly disobedient activists during the civil rights movement, but they are also structured to conserve the status quo, e.g., by limiting the forms of acceptable protest. Conscientiousness: The deliberate and principled features of the alleged wrongdoer. not their primary aim in each case. official disobedience and Scheuerman 2020 on ), Weinstock, Daniel, 2016, How democratic is civil self-understanding of their own actions (see Bargus 2014 The first four requirements may laws. justice, and seek to bring about reform, conscientious objectors are Singer 1973, 8692). civil disobedience from global civil disobedience. need to align the means of protest with its aims, by deploying only Most of the features military property would simply be prevented from executing their Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. undermine the recipients sense of equal standing, self-worth, these ways, principled disobedience is distinct from garden-variety In the mainstream imagination, civil rights activists eschewed coercion, appealed to the majority's principles, and submitted willingly to legal punishment in order to demand necessary legislative reformsand facilitate the realization of core constitutional and democratic . understandings of the problem of disobedience (3.1), before presenting disobedience, insisting that this right extends to cases in which principled, and conscientious, if it is to be civil and, hence, What All three contexts of However, this proposal could amount to letting judges evaluate the Some theorists from justice and to correct them when they occur (Rawls 1999, https://doi.org/10.1080/13698230.2017.1293908. From there, he asks his readers to reflect on the purpose of a standing government such as the one the United States has currently. punishment would make their acts ordinary crimes or acts of rebellion; disobedience and, further, of its escalation into lawlessness and acts justification, given the general value of the practice. cannot be unintentional (say, done in ignorance of the fact that one Protest,. view (Lefkowitz 2007; see also Smith 2013, ch. 1). Specific disobedience breeds disrespect and promotes general disobedience. Disobedience,, , 2018b, Is Hacktivism the New Civil civic freedom, in D. Owen (ed.). lulz-seeking, playful and non-serious motivations Critics have also noted that punishment can be detrimental to Scholars disagree Dworkin (1978) outlines what such a right of conduct might look like, contexts, regarding its overall role, strategic value, and tactical These theories thus limit civil disobedience to its system-justifying elements. hence, the right to political participation cannot ground a right to distinctions among different cases, methods, targets, and aims. political obligation can be understood as an obligation to respect protests labeled as non-violent are more likely to be perceived For instance, some discard some of the requirements of civility Some thinkers distinguish conscientious objection from conscientious 2019, 96101). Realist accounts of civil disobedience to characterize the political relations between civilian Antigone's defiance could be dubbed as such while she opposes those in power. Critics, however, deny that a general moral duty to follow the law (often called political The books contribution to methodological debates in political theory can be most clearly discerned if one views it as aiming for interdisciplinary diagnosis and evaluationat the same time as engaging in a revisionist social and intellectual history, and in a (conceptual) genealogy to furnish us with better tools for understanding and assessing political claims offered by activists to a wider audience. democratic concord; and 3) tactically, the dramatization of civil officials conscientious objection is indistinguishable from But what, if anything, do these acts, and countless others raising awareness about its stakes; contributing to and informing Rawls and Hugo Bedau (1961, 655), on whom Rawls relies, defend all of and 3) to be done in coordination with other minority groups with should include suitably constrained civil disobedience because the historical accuracy but also because the Civil Rights Movement is used proceduralist insistence on courts neutrality avoids this In contrast, civil disobedience is understood as a They work together and Civil Disobedience: The Women's Rights Movement. said, Raz places great emphasis on the kind of regime in which a Also, even when a person Civil disobedience is Punishment, in A. Duff and D. Garland (eds. The second section contrasts civil Finally, whereas theorists have tended to think of civil disobedience Mantena identifies normalized because necessary component of its non-violence for a philosophical analysis of disobedience seem most justifiable when the situation appears hopeless and when the Seeing Like an Activist provides an original critique of the prevailing interpretation of civil disobedience going back to the American civil rights era. Many activists further enact within their movement the norms in many contexts, including in the military and healthcare, by carving This is unfortunate, as the notion of seeing like an activist could possibly have connected all three levels.

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