percentage of sodium silicate in soap

Eng. In this application, the sodium silicate (6070%) is typically mixed with kaolin (40-30%), an aluminium silicate mineral, to make the sodium silicate "glued" joint opaque. volume25,pages 8495 (1948)Cite this article. Perfume& color specks, very easy to understand, no need to explain more here. As a matter of fact, zinc stearate is used in talcum powders because it is water repellent. You can update your choices at any time in your settings. The global demand is K|VPflzg.Qm1#_tIzRYeUQAI{VpYc+[Ts,a;{;e& Sodium silicate is frequently used in drilling fluids to stabilize borehole walls and to avoid the collapse of bore walls. The insoluble in alcohol content range were 0.14 0.4. So in which proportions should I add Sodium Silicate to my batch of soap?? The most common buffering agents are SODIUM SILICATE and SODA ASH LIGHT.Both of these two ingredients are mainly to maintain the PH level of the washing solution while washing, to make it easier to remove the stains. There are two main ingredients for Builder. Ed.,24, 262 (1947). The microscopic negatively charged particles suspended in water interact with sodium silicate. WebOn This Day April 03 : A new process for making soap was patented on this day in 1854. [20] This is due in part because this bonding technique doesn't require bonding in vacuum and it also doesn't use field assistance like in anodic bonding. Dedrick, C. H., and Wills, J. H., Paper presented at the 109th meeting of the Am. "The Softening of Hard Water and Complexometric Titrations: An Undergraduate Experiment.". It is particularly useful when drill holes pass through argillaceous formations containing swelling clay minerals such as smectite or montmorillonite. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Get shareable link endstream endobj 9 0 obj 363 endobj 10 0 obj<>/ProcSet 86 0 R>>/Type/Page>> endobj 11 0 obj<>stream Check out the website in the link below for essentialdepot.com, A sodium silicate repair can last two years or longer. Big Market for Black Cosmetics, but Less-Hazardous Choices Limited, K-Beauty Trends: Serums, Essences and EWGs Best Bets, FDA Asks Women To Protect Themselves From Products The Agency Refused To Ban, Study Highlights Importance of Cosmetics Ingredient Safety Tests, Human skin toxicant or allergen - strong evidence, Classified as expected to be toxic or harmful, Environment Canada Domestic Substance List, Classified as medium human health priority, Determined safe for use in cosmetics, subject to concentration or use limitations - Safe for use in cosmetics with some qualifications, Risk assessment method deficiencies and data gaps - Maximum reported "as used" concentration is basis of safety assessment by industry safety panel (Cosmetic Ingredient Review, CIR) - implicit safe concentration limit in product, Considered safe based on assumption of low absorption, 243 studies in PubMed science library may include information on the toxicity of this chemical, Designated as safe for general or specific, limited use in food, Not suspected to be an environmental toxin. QQ) Sodium silicate detergents reduce hard water buildup. Detergents are used in cleaning household surfaces, dishes and washing laundry. Sodium silicate is a building agent used in many commercial detergents. The purpose of the sodium silicate to is prevent mineral deposits on surfaces after washing by removing water hardness. T/@!c6M=*0)XbFWlA:VDCci:-`:50lMe7um2S Morgan, O. M., Can. Domestic Substances List Categorization. Some one can help me to sort out my detergent powder issues, Some time my detergent powder looks very dry and dusty with same material, I tried to sort-out with water but not successful. ", "An old solution to a new problem? The CIR Expert Panel recognized the irritation potential of these ingredients, especially in leave-on products. Enzymes, depends on target consumers consumption level to add or not. Charles Ophardt, Professor Emeritus, Elmhurst College. In soap making, sodium silicate provides buffered alkalinity The fatty acid portion is turned into a salt because of the presence of a basic solution of the NaOH. Cie., German Patent 598,135 (June 6, 1934). The Skin Deep data availability rating reflects the number of scientific studies about the product or ingredient in the published scientific literature. When dissolved in water, both sodium silicate and magnesium silicate form a thick paste that is easy to apply. fat + NaOH glycerol + sodium salt of fatty acid. The glycerol turns back into an alcohol (addition of the green H's). Powney, J., and Noad, R. W., J. Although the reaction is shown as a one step reaction, it is in fact two steps. Fatty acids with only 10 or fewer carbons are not used in soaps because they irritate the skin and have objectionable odors. and Colloid Chem.,52, 84 (1948). It is also the main agent in "magic water", which is used when joining clay pieces, especially if the moisture level of the two differs.[29]. [19] It is also less processing intensive than glass-to-glass anodic bonding,[21] which requires an intermediate layer such as SiN to act as a diffusion barrier for sodium ions. Coconut oil is a source of lauric acid (12 carbons) which can be made into sodium laurate. The soap molecule can then do its job without interference from calcium or magnesium ions. Select Accept to consent or Reject to decline non-essential cookies for this use. Hr6E@0B4U2de6- The cleansing action of soap is determined by its polar and non-polar structures in conjunction with an application of solubility principles. McBain, J. W., Gardiner, K., and Vold, R. D., Ind. 326329. The alkalinity of sodium silicate enables them to control the Normally, the percentage of this ingredient is about 40-60%. Textile Institute,30, T157 (1939). This process is called coagulation.[1]. STPP has been the most common and powerful builder for synthetic detergent powder. 2.98 g Na2O (using same logic above) 4.72 g H2O Maclennan, K., J. Soc. WebHeavy-duty powders andliquids for home and commercial laundry detergent comprise 60 to 65 percent of the U. S. soap anddetergent market and were estimated at 2.6 megagrams qOWNa:tL}nbN+k5oe iP#r_a&h "={!" %(jq^ATK(cfkXd%PA I went to my local hardware store and I purchased Lye and Coconut Oil to prepare some basic soap with Cold process. Or, another way to calculate is roughly 1 teaspoon per pound of oils. Eng. The Nautilus was en route to the North Pole on a top secret mission to cross the North Pole submerged.[31]. Environmental Working Group. McBain, J. W., Advances in Colloid Science, edited by E. O. Kraemer, Interscience Publishers, New York, 1942. Ceretti, Helena; Hughes, Enrique A.; Zalts, Anita. The type of fatty acid and length of the carbon chain determines the unique properties of various soaps. Eng. Soap is a mixture of sodium salts of various naturally occurring fatty acids. Merrill, R. C., Ind. It works like water cement, once the muscle starts to move, it cracks and leaves white residues on the skin. This soap is very soluble and will lather easily even in sea water. jC Holuba, S. J., U. S. Patent 2,423,451 (July 8, 1947). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02579732. Label and explain the diagram further. http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je04.htm. It allows the rapid production of a strong mold, by passing CO2 through the mixture of sand and sodium silicate in the mold box, which hardens it almost instantly. All these ingredients could be divided into 5 sorts. 27 No. Gerard Lagaly, Werner Tufar, A. Minihan, A. Lovell "Silicates" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2005. The non-polar hydrocarbon tail of the soap dissolves into the oil. The silicate compounds that are left over have glass-like properties, making a temporary, brittle repair. First of all, here below please see the list of common ingredients for synthetic detergent powder. Though unprofitable, Na2SiO3 is a byproduct of Bayer process which is often converted to calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4). LABSA. Start typing to see posts you are looking for. Oesterling, J. F., and Mack, P. B., Reported in Soap and Sanitary Chemicals,17, 41 (1941). It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in canned and bottled water. Products with this ingredient are allowed for use in EWG VERIFIED but must meet use restrictions and warnings based on EWG review of company data. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr, general provisions of the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union, http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/consumers/product_labelling_and_p, http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je04.htm, http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/default.htm, http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/PackagingFCS/defaul, http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/default.htm, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm, http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/. Founder and CEO @clensysoaps Entrepreneur|. What time does normal church end on Sunday? Washington DC. Broadly, at this moment, bleaching agents are not a necessary additive for normal synthetic detergent powder. Sodium silicate is brushed on a section of the piece. Am. This phenomenon has been used by manufacturers of toys and chemistry sets to provide instructive enjoyment to many generations of children from the early 20th century until the present. Monolayer: When soap is added to water, the ionic-salt end of the molecule is attracted to water and dissolved in it. Except for the most silicon-rich ones, they are readily soluble in water, producing alkaline solutions. [30] The residual heat carried by the water used for cooling the damaged reactors accelerated the setting of the injected mixture. When the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine heats up to its operating temperature, the heat drives out all of the excess water from the paste. Snell, F. D., Ind. Soap molecules have both properties of non-polar and polar at opposite ends of the molecule. Their electrical double layer collapses due to the increase of ionic strength caused by the addition of sodium silicate (doubly negatively charged anion accompanied by two sodium cations) and they subsequently aggregate. SODIUM SULPHATE, this is the base ingredient of washing powder, just like the sands in concrete. 1. After being immersed in the solution they were removed and allowed to dry. After 5 minutes, the wall of the piece is stretched outward with a rib or hand. Stericker, W., Ind. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that when formulated to avoid irritation, all three ingredients were safe for use in cosmetic products in the practices of use and concentrations described in the safety assessment. Ittner, M. H., Ind. And the sediments stays on the clothes to become new stains. [1] When used as a paper cement, the tendency is for the sodium silicate joint eventually to crack within a few years, at which point it no longer holds the paper surfaces cemented together. Eng. Every product and ingredient in Skin Deep gets a two-part score one for hazard and one for data availability. Ind.,59, 243 (1930); (b) Ferguson, R. H., and Richardson, A. S.,24, 1329 (1932); (c) Vold, R. D., and Ferguson, R. H., J. Click for more information on a micelle. Component Percentage CAS Number Sodium Silicate 99.5% 1344-09-8 Moisture 0.05% 7732-18-5 Eng. Such sodium silicate cemented paper cartridges were inserted into the cylinders of revolvers, thereby speeding the reloading of cap-and-ball black powder revolvers. In some cases, the clothes become very hard, when dry after washing. 1 0 obj<> endobj 2 0 obj<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>> endobj 3 0 obj<>stream Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. Silicates in soaps. Kuentzel, L. R., Hensley, J. W., and Bacon, L. R., Ind. Sodium silicate was used to seal combustible nitrated paper together to form a conical paper cartridge to hold the black powder, as well as to cement the lead ball or conical bullet into the open end of the paper cartridge. Google Scholar. Mitchell, R. W., Metal Cleaning and Finishing,2, 589 (1930). The soap molecules "stand up" on the surface as the polar carboxyl salt end is attracted to the polar water. WebSodium Silicate, Sodium Metasilicate and Potassium Silicate are also used to prevent the corrosion (rust) of metallic materials used in cosmetic packaging. Use the solubility principles to complete a diagram showing many soap molecules as "bridges" between water and oil. Ind.,42, 393T (1923). Who makes the plaid blue coat Jesse stone wears in Sea Change? Eng. In acidic solutions, the silicate ions react with hydrogen ions to form silicic acids, which tend to decompose into hydrated silicon dioxide gel. But it is very harmful to the environment, especially to the water. Sodium silicate and other silicates are the primary components in "instant" wrinkle remover creams, which temporarily tighten the skin to minimize the appearance of wrinkles & under-eye bags. Here below is a typical formulation for areas with hard-water condition,like west-africa area. OPTICAL BRIGHTENER, if to add, normally to add 0.015%-0.017%. The safest products score well by both measures, with a low hazard rating and a fair or better data availability rating. Merrill, R. C., and Getty, R., J. Lorgus, W., Deutsche Parfumerie Ztg.,27, 87 (1941); Soap and Sanitary Chemicals,17, 65 (Aug., 1941). Chem.,34, 737 (1942). Eggs preserved in a bucket of waterglass gel, and their shells are sometimes also used (baked and crushed) to clear wine. Air bubbles added to a molten soap will decrease the density of the soap and thus it will float on water. Von Wagner, Rudolf (1892; translation of 13th edition by Willian Crookes), JLR Thompson et al Characterization of Silicate Sealers on Concrete Cement and Concrete Research Vol. There is only a modest volume of research. Bauschinger, C. D., Fette n. Seifen,44, 352 (1937). The EWG VERIFIED mark means a product meets EWGs strictest criteria for transparency and health. The detergent granules gain their ruggedness from a coating of silicates. The advantages of sodium silicate in detergents are as follows: Sodium silicate increases the emulsifying power of detergents and helps to remove greasy stains. Chem.,15, 24 (1923). 1 0 obj<>/ProcSet 86 0 R>>/Type/Page>> endobj 2 0 obj<>stream Sodium silicate increases the emulsifying power of detergents and helps to remove greasy stains. [21] A disadvantage of sodium silicate bonding, however, is that it is very difficult to eliminate air bubbles. Sodium silicate is suspended in the coolant until it reaches the cylinder head. The outside of the droplet is also coated with a layer of water molecules. It helps clean surfaces by WebDue to the wide range of uses of sodium silicate products, sodium silicate has been used in more than 50 industries, especially high-tech fields included in. Around 1640, Jean Baptist van Helmont reported the formation of alkali silicates as a soluble substance made by melting sand with excess alkali, and observed that the silica could be precipitated quantitatively by adding acid to the solution. Merrill, R. C., J. Chem. Thoroughly clean and dry contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse. 2006. This effect aids in reducing water penetration, but has no known effect on reducing water vapor transmission and emission. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, third edition, 2011, page 8369. Sodium silicate is capable of precipitating calcium and magnesium present in water, and thus reduces hardness of water. #T?O#lzkj,y^Fn/j^"Xt;dGXJ^YDU{xZtd>M#xD q-r6 ^"%#:P=V7v:xof\vEGXHI0{X&^^' ]KkMK@rxpX X#+C=VTQ^bQ{KOUO}(D@7 q??hSjc`XHh\HI:"nC@ORQsy2m,{}mPpIvx6cz/f~Z]k#g7Q3>TL/VZzB0b{^) D\sv4 5CHU'!@hW24r"4$\qKaQlF+VAZ7 2]\Z6jNGglh^|QRDp,(0('+mJ6Waz$c~(*p|PPtS_({Hj+%zcGMK[rju7DU$x2cbZ Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Treffler, A., Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, 18, 24 (Jan., 1942). with a pin) in order to allow steam to escape. EC (Environment Canada). OmcItaY#,L$eGEIc|]T vW?Oi0IQP&q$Y Eif/raFg4at Webpowders. Chem.,23, 1389 (1931). But we must control the percentage of these ingredients because too much of these could harm skin. Fabric softener, this is an additive normally for those high-class brands and formulation, not so common. When blended with the latter lightweight fraction, water glass can be used to make hard, high-temperature insulation boards used for refractories, passive fire protection and high temperature insulations, such as moulded pipe insulation applications. Non-ionic surfactant, this is a used as a kind of additive in detergent, for its high foaming, high emulsibility and high permeability. Find out more about the regulation of Food Additives by the Food and Drug Administration, Food Ingredients and Packaging: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/default.htm, Food Contact Substances: http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/PackagingFCS/defaul, Substances Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS): http://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/default.htm, Search the Code of Federal Regulations http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/cfrsearch.cfm, EU Cosmetics Inventory http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/cosmetics/cosing/, THE SCIENCE & SAFETY BEHIND YOUR FAVORITE PRODUCTS, 2023 All Rights Reserved. Google Scholar. Enzymes, this is a very common additive for detergent. Sodium silicate is used as a deflocculant in casting slips helping reduce viscosity and the need for large amounts of water to liquidize the clay body. and Colloid Chem.,52, 167 (1948). WebSodium metasilicates are primarily used in cleaning compounds. Synergistic agents, means those additives to provide special power of washing and protection. Synthetic detergents replaced soap powders for home laundering in the late 1940s, acid. How much is a biblical shekel of silver worth in us dollars? The effects of "hard" water calcium or magnesium ions are minimized by the addition of "builders". Sodium Tripolyphosphate(STPP) and 4A Zeolite. the Composition of the Sodium hydroxide is NaOH J Am Oil Chem Soc 25, 8495 (1948). The anions are often polymeric. These compounds are generally colorless transparent solids or white powders, and soluble in water in various amounts. Sodium silicate is also the technical and common name for a mixture of such compounds, chiefly the metasilicate, also called waterglass, water glass, or liquid glass. Hr0wld#ISI.ML5~ $2 If decided to add, normally should be 0.1-0.3%. 2%hA % Soc.,60, 2066 (1938). And the percentage should be according to the water condition of the target market. Eng. Addition of sodium silicate to soap was first patented by the chemical manufacturer, William Gossage, in April 1850. Vincent, G. P., J. Phys. Food Additive Status List. HV6A Vtc>-6ITxYnF"@93gM&Q. Addition of sodium silicate to soap was first patented by the chemical manufacturer, William Gossage, in April 1850. 2012. This treatment generally is applied only after the initial cure has taken place (7 days or so depending on conditions). [24], It is used in detergent auxiliaries such as complex sodium disilicate and modified sodium disilicate. The "salt" end of the soap molecule is ionic and hydrophilic (water soluble). Those with a higher SiO2:Na2O ratio are described as neutral. It can withstand temperatures up to 1100C. Protect Your Health. Here below are some common samples. This compound is still widely used in detergents for domestic and industrial use. Cosmetics and personal care products are not required to be tested for safety before being allowed on the market. Scan this QR code to download the app now. 4g9}T Chem. This not only makes them more fire resistant, but also makes cutting them open with an oxyacetylene torch extremely difficult due to the smoke emitted. 1- The Composition of the Sodium silicate solution is Na2O: 10%, SiO2: 27%, H2O: 63% and the Density 1.39 g/ml. Fatty acids with longer chains are even more insoluble. FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 2006. Adding sodium lactate at 1% to 3% of the total soap formula. Ingredients have been studied extensively. Sodium Silicate, Sodium Metasilicate and Potassium Silicate may be used in cosmetics and personal care products marketed in Europe according to the general provisions of the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union. Eng. Am. World consumption of potassium silicate is forecast to grow at an average rate of 1.8% annually in 202126. Running an engine with about 2 liters of a sodium silicate solution instead of motor oil causes the solution to precipitate, catastrophically damaging the engine's bearings and pistons within a few minutes. The use of washing powder with STPP causes eutrophication in rivers and lakes. Heavy [4], In 1646, Glauber made potassium silicate, which he called liquor silicum, by melting potassium carbonate (obtained by calcinating cream of tartar) and sand in a crucible, and keeping it molten until it ceased to bubble (due to the release of carbon dioxide). WebTotal soluble silicate (as SiO2),percent by mass,Min 36.0A-3 Ratio of total alkalinity1:3.3A-3(asNa2O) to total soluble0.2silica (as SiO2) (Na2O:SiO2) Iron (as Fe), percent by mass, Max Arsenic (as As2O3), parts permillion, Max 0.1A-4 2A-5 Heavy metals (as Pb), parts30A-6permillion, Max Color specks, Green, Blue, and Red, normally to add 0.5-1% of each. WebMicro-porous sodium silicate is a kind of new material. Buffering agents, commonly called buffers, are chemicals which have the property of maintaining the pH of an aqueous medium in a narrow range even if small amounts of acids or bases are added. STPP or 4A Zeolite, to choose of them. Chem. SODIUM C. R., Soap and Sanitary Chemicals,16, 27 (June, 1945); Natl. In Seattle, crewmen dressed in civilian clothing were sent in to secretly buy 140 quarts (160 liters) of an automotive product containing sodium silicate (originally identified as Stop Leak) to repair a leaking condenser system. It is mainly for the purpose of promotion. WebAnswer (1 of 2): To put it simply, sodium carbonate (soda ash) inhibits hard water from bonding with detergents allowing them to become more effective, and sodium silicate inhibits mineral deposits on surfaces by removing water hardness. Most of the enzymes for detergent are manufactured by Novozymes, a Denmark We can learn more information about enzymes at. FDA Office of Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Soda was an old english name for what is now called sodium The common process of purifying soap involves removal of sodium Chem.,23, 1025 (1931). 0E `>^!P/A(Ii?`s=e Sodium Silicate is used to control the pH of the finished product. Concrete treated with a sodium silicate solution helps to reduce porosity in most masonry products such as concrete, stucco, and plasters. Reloading brass shotgun shells was widely practiced by self-reliant American farmers during the 1870s, using the same waterglass material that was also used to preserve eggs. chloride, sodium hydroxide, and glycerol. All Rights Reserved. In the meantime, too much of these wouldcombine with Mg+ and Ca+ and form sediments. Some of these repair compounds also contain glass fibres to enhance their gap-filling abilities and reduce brittleness. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. 05 Apr. . The intumescence disappears in the presence of finely divided mineral dust, whereby the waterglass becomes a mere matrix. WebComponent Percentage CAS Number Sodium Metasilicate 57 - 60 10213-79-3 Water 43 - 40 7732-18-5 and shoes immediately. The overall reaction is, Sodium silicates can also be obtained by dissolving silica SiO2 (whose melting point is 1713C) in molten sodium carbonate (that melts with decomposition at 851C):[17]. Richardson, A. S., Ind. Ind.38, 512 (1936). Carter, J. D., and Stericker, W., Ind. This ingredients score is higher if used in products intended for use around the eyes due to increased risk of absorption. Restricted: EWG VERIFIED products cannot contain this ingredient without adequate substantiation. It depends on the consumption level of the target consumers, 5%-12% is usually called low-class quality, 12%-16% is called mid-class quality, and 16%-28% called high-class quality. Addition of sodium silicate to soap was first patented by the chemical manufacturer, William Gossage, in April 1850. This compound is still widely used in detergents for domestic and industrial use. The advantages of sodium silicate in detergents are as follows: Moss, H. V., and Snell, F. D., U. S. Patent 1,989,765 (Feb. 5, 1935). SODIUM SILICATE, normally to add around 11%. When crystals of a number of metallic salts are dropped into a solution of water glass, simple or branching stalagmites of coloured metal silicates are formed. [7] That would have been prepared in 1818 by Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs, by treating silicic acid with an alkali; the result being soluble in water, "but not affected by atmospheric changes". Merrill, R. C., and Getty, R., J. Phys. Liquid detergents were introduced that utilized sodium citrate and sodium silicate. CAS Lottermoser, A., Z. Angew. This effect is not permanent, lasting from a few minutes up to a couple of hours. In industry, the various grades of sodium silicate are characterized by their SiO2:Na2O weight ratio (which can be converted to molar ratio by multiplication with 1.032). { Chemistry_in_Sports_Physiology_and_Health : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Conversion_Factors_and_Fitness_Testing : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Conversion_Factors_and_Floating_Bowling_Balls : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Density:_Floating_Footballs" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Detection_of_Performance_Enhancing_Drugs_in_Sports : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Energy_in_the_100_m_Sprint : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Home_Run_Distance_and_Humidity : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Information_Storage_in_Genetics : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Radiation_and_Living_Organisms : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "Soap_(Exemplar)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Thermoregulation_and_Hydration : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Biology : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Culture : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Environmental_and_Green_chemistry : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Everyday_Life : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Foods : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Forensics : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Geology : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Physics_and_Astronomy : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Sports_Physiology_and_Health : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "Exemplar", "authorname:chemprime", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FAncillary_Materials%2FExemplars_and_Case_Studies%2FExemplars%2FSports_Physiology_and_Health%2FSoap_(Exemplar), \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Ed Vitz, John W. 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