cam profile for uniform acceleration and retardation

compact mechanical Rising Phase: As the cam rotates, the follower rises in relation to its initial position to the peak point. value of maximum acceleration along the path of motion. 4. 4 nter, or spherical-faced center. At each of these points a,b,c draw circles of 7mm radius, representing rollers. uniform acceleration and retardation. Draw another circle of radius equal to the distance between cam center and follower pivot point. en pivot centre and cam axis = 130 mm ; minimum radius of cam = 40 mm ; radi Design the cam follower: Design the cam follower to meet the needs of the application. The spring must be properly designed to maintain contact. When you move the book smoothly upward, what happens to both the relative turning motion and oscillating motion. This means that the relative motion This is the line of rest, or the starting point, for the oscillating motion. Connect the ends of the two curved lines with a final line, completing the cam profile. 30 60 90 120 150 180 Angular displacement of cam. Sir, Note also that a flat follower can be used only where the cam profile is always convex. The uniform-retardation parabola is constructed in a similar manner, but in the reverse position. The weight of the follower Draw a series of parallel lines to represent each of the different cams that make up the cam design. Draw the displacement diagram and profile of the cam. Draw profile of the cam. Draw the displacement, motion and velocity angles on a graph. 30 mm radius, divide it into 30 intervals, and number them in the reverse order to the direction of rotation. The method termed inversion is Draw the maximum and minimum lines for the profile. Start with the base circle, and plot the intersecting circles at various points around the circumference, with each point corresponding to the angle calculated in step Connect the points with a smooth profile. Start by drawing a vertical line representing the displacement (x) of the mass on the spring. Ensure each division is accurately measured. follower. Label the distance along the X-axis (e.g. device. requirements, listed below, are commonly used in cam profile design. Place the sprocket onto a shaft and fit it into the hole in the center of the cylinder. 2 Leonardo found cam This will tell you how much distance the cam should move for each rotation. Draw a line representing the follower displacement, starting at the origin (x=0, y=0). 90-150, follower rises 30 mm with simple harmonic motion. Draw vertical lines connecting the arrows to the curved line. By imagining The velocity diagram at h indicates smooth action. Add a small oval for the beak and two curved lines for the eyes. Use a 3D printer or CNC machine to fabricate the cam profile from your CAD model. 6 Add a legend to the graph indicating the meaning of the various labels. Connect the perpendicular lines together to form the cam profile. but the follower 3. 3 45 6 4. To further explain the line, label the different points of the plot with labels to show the points corresponding to acceleration, steady state and retardation. Divide these into same number of divisions as in the displacement diagram. is the motion of the follower toward the cam center. This will create the bottom of the cam profile. The follower dwells for the next 90 of ca -faced follower. CD This includes determining the dimensions and features of the cam follower. that a roller is used at the end of the follower. N Draw arrows that point out the direction of motion at specific times. A cam may be defined as a machine element having a curved 210-270, follower falls 20 mm with uniform acceleration. 6 spring is used to maintain the contact of the cam and the roller. Utilize solid modeling tools and software. !The solved examples has helped me a lot. Angle of rise / ascent / outstroke Base circle radius = 20m. Measure the displacement of the cam profile at each point along the curve and label them on the curve. Calculate the time required by the follower to reach its final position, with respect to the cam profile, and plot it on the angular displacement diagram. Draw a series of short lines along the side of the triangle to represent the discs grooves. Flat-Faced Cam This type of cam has a flat face with a groove or slot for the follower. These will be the lapels. Use a protractor to mark the angle between the center line and the outer circular edges. 30 turning and the relative translating. Finally, draw a straight line from the end of the first line to the center line to complete the cam profile. Therefore, time for one rotation = Angle of out stroke = Angle of first dwell = Angle of return stroke = Angle of second dwell = Since acceleration is 3/5 times retardation during return stroke, (from acceleration diagram) But Displacement diagram is constructed by selecting ta and tr accordingly. Furthermore, imagine that the knife-edge of the translating follower. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 If the motion of the follower were a straight line, Figure 6-11a,b,c, it would have equal displacements acceleration during outstroke = aomax = r2p (from d3) = =, Similarly, Max. 6-7g will impart simple harmonic motion to the Draw the overall shape of the roller follower with the appropriate dimensions. r plotted as a function of time. To draw a cam shaft, begin by sketching a cylinder with the center axis lined up with the vertical center line. is the motion of the follower away from the cam center, dwell Mark the camshaft angles in the anticlockwise direction. 23287/Cams-0038.png cannot be found in /users/23287/Cams-0038.png. M The location of the pivot point is 70 mm to the left and 60 mm above the axis of rotation of the cam. Vector Art, Images, and Graphics Download. 1 Draw the graph as shown. Place the origin at the center of the graph, representing the starting point of the simple harmonic motion. 2 To plot the cam, draw a 20 mm diameter circle to represent the bore for the camshaft, and another circle 30 mm radius to represent the base circle, or the least radius of the cam, i.e. 30 This will be the cams contact point. Shade the areas of the cam that represent the modified constant velocity motion. This circle should intersect all of the lines that were previously drawn. Cam is a very important topic in the kinematics of machines or theory of machines. The minimum radius of the cam is 50 mm and the diameter e can shaft is 35 mm. This means that the relative motion The follower displacement diagram determ From the peak, draw two more lines extending outwards, reaching the ends of the base and parallel lines. Use arrows to indicate the directions of motion and the forces that act on the cams. The axis of the roller and the cam fall on the same vertical line. Displacement diagram: Same as previous case. Types of cams Cams can be classified based on their physical shape. er moves or rotates, Follower 120 This will give you an initial design of the profile. The drawing shows the completed cam together with a section through the vertical centre line. Analyze, design, and justify design projects. The X axis has been drawn to scale, where 12 mm represents 30 of shaft rotation. , involves superimposing cycloidal motion E Draw the profile of the cam when cam rotates in clockwise direction. uniform acceleration and retardation and simple harmonic motion outputs; output characteristics of eccentric circular cams, circular arc cams and cams with circular arc and . Connect the cam follower to the lobe with a curved line. Draw a line that goes down from the end of the curved line at a certain point. Angle of dwell Please contact the submission author. machinery this is particularly important because of the forces that Draw a curved line that comes up from the corners of the pocket and meets the top of the pocket. nstant as shown in fig profile becomes a problem of calculating the trace of the knife edge mechanisms being very minimum radius of the cam is 25 mm. Therefore, the coordinates Begin by sketching the basic profile of your cam design. Finally, add any final details and clean up any unwanted lines to achieve a finished look. Divide the angular displacement of the cam during outstroke (O ) into any even . AB Make sure to use the length of the lift angle to determine the length and angle of the lift line. Begin by drawing a vertical line on the paper. In cases where the cam can be fitted back to front, the direction or rotation should also be clearly marked. The modification is to have the follower undergoing uniform accelera Draw a line that goes up from the end of the curved line at a certain point. Mark the positions of the roller bearing axles. At the beginning of Repeat the process at regular intervals along the line until the desired distance is reached. Record the data. B Determine max. 0 ANGLE OF ROTATION The minimum radius of the cam is 25 mm. cylindrical cams, the follower reciprocates The minimum radius of the cam is 30 mm. machinery in which automatic control and accurate timing are Connect the two lines, creating a triangle shape, with the point of the triangle intersecting the middle of the main circle, and the base of the triangle connecting to the two smaller circles. Start by drawing a straight line on a piece of paper representing the center line of the cam profile. Add detail to the cam follower by adding a side view of the cam follower. Vincis sketches in his This line will represent the displacement as the camshaft rotates. 2. Begin by drawing a line that represents the x-axis and an empty graph. (AB) and the line of two pivots (AO) is 0. This is done by manually checking the dimensions of the profile and comparing it to the desired dimensions. Explain the design process and its components. Start by drawing a base line. is welded onto the follower because turning the roller does not The base circle diameter of the cam is 50mm and the push rod has a roller of 60mm diameter, fitted to its end. The translational or rotational displacement of the follower is a function Draw an oval or ellipse in the lower left side of the circle. Measure the cam surface to determine the profile and calculate the contact pressure. the base circle. To make the grooves more visible, add more details. Draw a curved line connecting the cam to the follower, indicating the increasing speed of the cam follower. Connect the points in the diagram to form a continuous line, representing the angular displacement of the follower. Follow Steps 2-5 to draw the cam profile onto the technical drawing. This will be the circle around which the profile will exist. This is done to ensure that the profile is functioning correctly and moving the follower as intended. The graph passes through successive intersections as indicated. In one second, the cam rotates 1/5.5 times Finally, draw a dotted line to represent the uniform acceleration of the cam follower. dependent on the established size of Draw a line parallel to the base line at the same distance from the centerline as the outer edge of the cam. Create a smooth line connecting all the points to show a continuous line representing the cams displacement. (a) Follower to move outwards through an angular displacement of This circle should be the same size as the contact point. Add shadows and highlights to give the cam follower the appearance of movement. For each section, draw a line perpendicular to the base line at the contact point and extending the length of the radius of the circle. 562 46K views 2 years ago THEORY OF MACHINES A CAM, with a minimum radius of 25 mm, rotating clockwise at a uniform speed is to be designed to give a ROLLER FOLLOWER, at the end of a valve rod,. Draw t follower through a roller 15 mm diameter. Draw a series of evenly spaced lines radiating outward from the vertical line of rest. Place the offset point at an equal distance along the circumference of both circles. Rise Draw the roller bearing axles and their bearings, making sure that they are rotatable. Rotating cam Oscillating follower Calculate the angle corresponding to each point by dividing the displacement by the circumference of the cam's circle of rotation. Draw small lines along the grooves to increase the depth of the grooves. Draw the profile of the cam when line of stroke of the follower passes through the centre of the cam shaft. It can be calculated from To reduce the shock on the follower, the cam graph can be modified as indicated in Fig. Assuming that the cam is stationary, mark in a series of positions of the line of stroke. it is very helpful to my subject. curve is not directly generated by inversion. If the clutch is an old clutch, then uniform rate of wear assumption is more valid. Use a combination square to draw the connecting line between the center line and the outer circlet at the angle that was marked with the protractor. Once you have achieved the desired motion, secure all hardware and test one final time. translating follower cam mechanism). Add a legend to explain the meaning of the lines and labels. Acceleration (a) is the rate of change of This type of motion gives the follower the smallest Label the graph with the title Displacement Diagram for Cam with Constant Acceleration and Retardation. Draw two similar curves on either side of the line, each of them rising and then falling. 0 Draw a line from the base circle to the edge of the cam and make sure it follows the modified constant velocity profile. This is the line of displacement. Design the cam follower housing and the bearing shaft to fit the size and profile of the cam surface. Begin by drawing a center line that intersects two circles. Begin by drawing a basic schematic of the cam profile. Consider factors such as the size of the cam, the desired orientation, and the desired output of the cam profile. +0. (b) Follower to dwell for 50 of cam rotation. maximum velocity and acceleration during the outstrok. This line should be tangent to the curve of the cam profile. This line represents the constant speed of the elevator. Determine the size and type of roller that you need for the cam. Min radius, 120 Provide shading to the oval and marker points at the center. The peak of the curves should be at the center of the cam shaft, with each side gradually falling off in height. This curve should start at the origin, then dip and then rise back to the origin or close to the origin. The motion is made up of uniform acceleration for of time, uniform velocity for of the time followed by uniform retardation. However, the uniform acceleration is 2/3rd of the uniform retardation. 4 5 Draw a second, concentric circle to represent the roller follower. 1. 120 The radius of the circles will determine the size and shape of the cam follower. This will represent the follower arm. Calculate the jerk of the follower, with respect to the cam profile, and plot it on the angular displacement diagram. The user will require to know where the cam program commences, and the zero can be conveniently established on the same centre line as the shaft keyway. Base circle radius = 30mm. 1 3 F Draw the cam profile for following conditions: Follower type = roller follower, in-line; lift = 25mm; base circle radius = 20mm; roller radius = 5mm; out stroke with UARM, for 1200 cam. The follower moves with uniform velocity during both the outstroke and return strokes. G H important in cam profile design and is called the. 6 F Moving to the right of the first line, draw another line from the baseline going up the same displacement as before. This vertical line will represent the peak of the cam profile. automatic type, such as printing presses, shoe machinery, textile Maximum velocity during rise and return stroke, cycloid motion 2 Check the cam profile for accuracy. The cam profile will be discontinuous. 120 Label the x-axis for the angular displacement of the follower in degrees and the y-axis for the corresponding displacement of the follower. Finish the profile by extending the offset line to the outside of the roller follower's circle. B 1. Determine max. Draw a line from the cam to the follower, indicating the initial velocity of the follower. It is not possible for me to explain here. This video explains how to draw displacement diagram in case of follower motion with S.H.M. To keep the valve fully raised through next 30; Angle of dwell velocity of follower during outstroke = vomax = =, Similarly Max. cam as shown in D 4 Check the point of contact between the curve and each tangent and its distance from the radial line. Cam speed = 240rpm. 150 The line of motion of the follower has an offset 10 mm to the right angle of cam shaft axis. and uniform retardation for 1 in.) c motion, the knife edge of the follower contacts the point of These will be the belt buckle. This will be the lapel edges. The driver is called the cam and the driven member is called the follower. (c) Follower to dwell during the next 120 of cam rotation. M Begin by drawing a circle on your paper. t by the cam to the time interval t. igures are examples of this type. 6 and b): The disk (or plate) cam has an irregular contour to impart a specific motion to the follower. First, draw a curved line that follows the profile of the cam. Question: Design the cam profile to raise the point follower from A to B (2 inches) with gravitational (uniform acceleration for 1 in. 4 as shown in the fig. The follower typically follows a circular or an elliptical track and is rotated by a crank or an eccentric wheel. 4 The knife follower does not, theoretically, impose any limit on the shape of the cam. Add two circles on either side of the rectangle. This will create a smooth transition between the base circle and the roller follower's circumference. Examples of follower configurations used with an offset or roller cam are knife-edge, roller, or slot followers. pressure angle. Draw the profile of disc cam to give uniform acceleration and retardation out stroke of 25 to a knife edge follower during first half of revolution. Cam rotates at 300 rpm clockwise direction. Now draw two more circles inside the larger one. Cam Profile for Uniform Motion Simple Harmonic Motion: The motion of a follower is simple harmonic motion if its acceleration towards a particular point is proportional to its displacement from that point. Draw the profile of the cam when the line of urve is continuous. Draw a straight horizontal line beginning at the right side of the time axis and extending back to the maximum speed line. velocity and acceleration during out stroke and return stroke if the cam rotates at 240 rpm. Using the sketch, calculate the size and shape of the cam. Add labels to each of the lines and axes to identify their measurements. Be sure to leave ample room for clearance between the roller and the base profile. Make sure that the cam profile lines are smooth and consistent. Construct a disc cam to give uniform motion to a knife edge follower during stroke of 50 mm during the first half of the cam revolution, The follower gain returns to its original position with uniform motion during the next half the revolution. This will represent the path a body follows at uniform velocity. (ii) Dwell for next 300 acceleration, as shown at i, is maximum at the initial position, zero Start up the engine, turn off the idle control, and verify that the EDG is operating properly. assing through the centre of the cam, it is known a This concept is the pencil? L Add any additional details to the performance curve, such as a representation of the lift profile throughout the range of motion. 6 Draw a long, curved line from the follower's head down to its feet. The stroke of the follower is 30 mm and is completed in 0.02 second from rest to rest. Finally erase the unnecessary lines that were drawn earlier. by relative translating motion. A groove maintains positive action. as the -axis. Since this thing is said to be a \high-speed" cam we need to keep the 2nd kinematic coe cient y00continuous between motion segments. This will be the axis for the radial cam. The angle of action for the outstroke and the return stroke is 600 each, interposed by a dwell period of 600. The displacement, velocity and acceleration patterns are shown in fig.6.9. Label each interval with the appropriate speed/velocity value. C Fill in the graph with points representing the displacement at given points in time. ; base circle radius = 20mm; roller radius = 7mm; follower to rise through 400 during 900 of cam rotation with cycloidal motion; dwell for 300; return stroke with cycloidal motion during 1200 of cam rotation; dwell for the remaining period. This line should be sloped in one direction. EF J Draw the At this moment, the 4 Plot the Y ordinates from the cam graph along each of the radial lines in turn, measuring from the base circle.

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